3D Animation - Materials
Introduction to Materials & Texturing within the 3D Pipeline
What are Materials?
Materials are what gives a model texture, color, and its general appearance.
To put it another way: If models represent the overall shape of an object or character, then materials represent the surface details of the object or character.
Materials directly affect how light and color interact with the object during rendering. By adjusting our materials, we can give a single model radically different appearances.
"Material examples from Adobe"
As far as software, Substance Painter is specifically made for work on textures and materials. However, general pipeline software ( such as Maya and Blender ) also have capabilities for texturing and material work.